This review proposes that physical inactivity could be considered a behavior selected by
evolution for resting, and also selected to be reinforcing in life-threatening situations in …

High iron is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and affects most of its cardinal
features: decreased insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and increased hepatic …

Cancer-associated cachexia is a multi-organ weight loss syndrome, especially with a
wasting disorder of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) …

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) develops from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
(NAFLD). Currently, around 25% of the population is estimated to have NAFLD, and 25% of …

The long-held belief about adipose tissue was that it was relatively inert in terms of
biological activity. It was believed that its primary role was energy storage; however, that was …

A healthy nutritional state is required for all aspects of reproduction and is signaled by the
adipokine leptin. Leptin acts in a relatively narrow concentration range: too much or too little …

Hepatic steatosis is an underlying feature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which
is the most common form of liver disease and is present in up to∼ 70% of individuals who …

Background Over the past 20 years, insights from human and mouse genetics have
illuminated the central role of the brain leptin-melanocortin pathway in the control of …

Metabolism research has made tremendous progress over the last several decades in
establishing the adipocyte as a central rheostat in the regulation of systemic nutrient and …

Sarcopenia, an age-associated decline in skeletal muscle mass coupled with functional
deterioration, may be exacerbated by obesity leading to higher disability, frailty, morbidity …