Astrocytes are a population of cells with distinctive morphological and functional
characteristics that differ within specific areas of the brain. Postnatally, astrocyte progenitors …

Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS)
which initiates rapid signal transmission in the synapse before its re-uptake into the …

Together with aspartate, glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain.
Glutamate binds and activates both ligand-gated ion channels (ionotropic glutamate …

Excitotoxicity is a phenomenon that describes the toxic actions of excitatory
neurotransmitters, primarily glutamate, where the exacerbated or prolonged activation of …

Solute carrier (SLC) transporters—a family of more than 300 membrane-bound proteins that
facilitate the transport of a wide array of substrates across biological membranes—have …

Excitotoxicity is classically defined as the neuronal damage caused by the excessive
release of glutamate, and subsequent activation of excitatory plasma membrane receptors …

Epilepsy is a complex neurological syndrome characterized by seizures resulting from
neuronal hyperexcitability and sudden and synchronized bursts of electrical discharges …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a terminal late-onset condition characterized by the
loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Mutations in more than 30 genes are associated to …

Epileptic encephalopathies (EEs) are the most clinically important group of severe early-
onset epilepsies. Next-generation sequencing has highlighted the crucial contribution of de …

Since it was first generally accepted that the two amino acids glutamate and GABA act as
principal neurotransmitters, several landmark discoveries relating to this function have been …