Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a longitudinal and heterogeneous course, with an increasing
number of therapy options and associated risk profiles, leading to a constant increase in the …

Importance Early treatment initiation in multiple sclerosis (MS) is crucial in preventing
irreversible neurological damage and disability progression. The current assessment of …

Importance Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is the main event responsible
for irreversible disability accumulation in relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective To …

Neurological disorders are the leading cause of physical and cognitive disability across the
globe, currently affecting approximately 15% of the worldwide population [1]. Absolute …

Cognitive impairment (CI) is a core feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) and affects up to 65%
of patients in every phase of the disease, having a deep impact on all aspects of patients' …

Importance Emerging evidence suggests that progression independent of relapse activity
(PIRA) is a substantial contributor to long-term disability accumulation in relapsing-remitting …

Abstract Purpose of Review In this review, we provide a comprehensive update on current
scientific advances and emerging therapeutic approaches in the field of multiple sclerosis …

Clinical, pathological, and imaging evidence in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that a
smoldering inflammatory activity is present from the earliest stages of the disease and …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating and neurodegenerative
disease of the central nervous system with a wide variety of clinical phenotypes. In spite of …

Background: Impairment of higher language functions associated with natural spontaneous
speech in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains underexplored. Objectives: We presented a fully …