Advances in information and communication technology and electronics have led to a surge
in interest in mobility-enabled wireless sensor networks (MEWSN). These minuscule sensor …

Recently, heterogeneous cluster networks (HCNs) have been the subject of significant
research. The nature of the next‐generation HCN environment is decentralized and highly …

The heterogeneous cluster networks (HCN) have recently benefited from federated learning
(FL). On distributed data, FL is used to train privacy-preserving models. In heterogeneous …

Networks (WSNs) with the Internet of Things (IoT) in pivotal domains underscores the
paramount significance of preserving the network lifespan. Notwithstanding, traditional …

The device was invented to sense the variations in the deployed Environment, which takes
different dimensions in its functionality. The basic operation does not change; it is the same …

ABSTRACT The Elastic Optical Network (EON) is a kind of optical network where a large
amount of data signals are given into the channel of optical fibre by modulating with the …

A wireless sensor network is a small device that isoperated by a battery as limited energy
power. The cluster method is a method that is often applied to routing protocols to solve …