Abstract Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) is a widely distributed moderately shade-
tolerant tree species with important economic and ecological value in northern China. The …

Understanding the factors that allow the successful regeneration of species is a key step
toward the conservation and management of forests. In this study, canonical …

Demographic and environmental forces shape geographical patterns of genetic diversity.
Knowledge thereof is not only important for evolutionary ecologists but, in light of future …

This study assesses how numerous stressors shape the vital rates (survival, growth, and
fecundity) of sugar pine across the vast majority of its range. Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana …

Resources available for tree regeneration growth vary within and between stands.
Understanding variation can help land managers choose appropriate sites and …

Key message Individual-tree seeding height growth models developed using tree inventory
data were comparable to those requiring the unique observation of point-based canopy …

Spatial patterns of forest overstory prior to timber harvest activities associated with Euro-
American settlement can serve as helpful forest reference conditions. Yet, such historical …

Disturbance ecology is central to the understanding and management of Sierra Nevada
mixed conifer forests (MCF). Three studies relying on field data and hierarchical statistical …

Forest inventories based on field surveys can provide quantitative measures of regeneration
such as density and stocking proportion. Understanding regeneration dynamics is a key …

Changes in stand structure result in varying ecological conditions in a forest. The strong
relationships between canopy structure and the environmental factors, which affect seedling …