Log messages have been used widely in many software systems for a variety of purposes
during software development and field operation. There are two phases in software logging …

Abstract Context: Microservices Architecture (MSA) has received significant attention in the
software industry. However, little empirical evidence exists on design, monitoring, and …

The aim of this chapter is to act as a primer for those wanting to learn about Runtime
Verification (RV). We start by providing an overview of the main specification languages …

Actionable artificial intelligence for the future of production Page 120 5 Actionable Artificial
Intelligence for the Future of Production Mohamed Behery, Philipp Brauner, Hans Aoyang …

We are interested in predicting failures of cyber-physical systems during their operation.
Particularly, we consider stochastic systems and signal temporal logic specifications, and we …

A digital twin for a Cyber-Physical System includes a simulation model that predicts how a
physical system should behave. We show how to quantify and characterise violation events …

In several domains, systems generate continuous streams of data during their execution,
including meaningful telemetry information, that can be used to perform tasks like …

Programmable logic controllers (PLC), which are widely applied in modern industrial control
systems (ICS), work as the controller of sensors and actuators in ICS. These systems require …

Monitoring software systems at runtime is key for understanding workloads, debugging, and
self-adaptation. It typically involves collecting and storing observable software data, which …

We present a model-based architecture for monitoring executions of models of real-time and
embedded systems. This architecture is highly configurable and allows for the combination …