Introduction Auto-immune diseases are complex and heterogeneous. Various types of
biomarkers can be used to support precision medicine approaches to autoimmune …

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its principal subtype, clear cell RCC, are the most
diagnosed kidney cancer. Despite substantial improvement over the last decades, current …

Existing organoid models fall short of fully capturing the complexity of cancer because they
lack sufficient multicellular diversity, tissue-level organization, biological durability and …

Personalized medicine is a cutting-edge subspecialty of medicine. The American Cancer
Society states that “Precision medicine is a way for healthcare professionals to offer and …

Background Personalised medicine is a medical model that aims to provide tailor-made
prevention and treatment strategies for defined groups of individuals. The concept brings …

Background: Phase 2 trials bridge a clinical strategy that shows promise in preclinical
studies to late phase trials that confirm its value. However, high failure rates of these trials …

Kemandirian obat merupakan aspek yang penting dalam memastikan ketersediaan dan
aksesibilitas obat bagi masyarakat di suatu negara. Di Indonesia, salah satu masalah utama …

Personalized medicine targets a patient's unique characteristics to provide more accurate
diagnoses and effective treatment. Prevention, diagnosis, and progression for a single …