In “The Devil's Dictionary”, Bierce (1911) defined language as “The music with which we
charm the serpents guarding another's treasure.” This satirical definition reflects a core truth …

Bilinguals experience processing costs when comprehending code-switches, yet the
magnitude of the cost fluctuates depending on numerous factors. We tested whether switch …

Bilinguals in the presence of other bilinguals engage in codeswitching, the fluid and
intentional alternation between languages during bilingual speech or text. Codeswitching …

We examined whether and how language produced by others influences self-language
processes. This study addressed this issue by looking at effects of comprehension on …

Intra-sentential code-switching, the alternative use of two languages within a clause or
sentence, is a hallmark of bilingual discourse. The study of code-switching is an ideal …

The way bilinguals switch languages can differ depending on the context. In cued dual-
language environments, bilinguals select a language in response to environmental cues …

“Triggered switching” is the theory that code-switching happens more often with words
connected to both languages, such as cognates. Corpus analyses have supported this …

Many bilinguals switch languages in daily-life conversations. Although this usually happens
within sentence context and with another speaker, most research on the cognitive …

Bilinguals possess the ability of expressing themselves in more than one language, and
typically do so in contextually rich and dynamic settings. Theories and models have indeed …

The socio-psychological variables that affect bilinguals' choices of code-switching (CS) and
code-mixing (CM) as a verbal strategy make prediction of their occurrence almost …