This review aims to provide a historical reference of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)
metabolism and provide a link between peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) …

The article shows that skeletal muscle plays a dominant role in the catabolism of branched-
chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) and the pathogenesis of their …

The brain is particularly susceptible to oxidative damage which is a key feature of several
neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) …

Background Many neuroprotective approaches targeting neurons in animal models fail to
provide benefits for the treatment of ischemic stroke in clinic and glial cells have become the …

Astrogliopathy refers to alterations of astrocytes occurring in diseases of the nervous system,
and it implies the involvement of astrocytes as key elements in the pathogenesis and …

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common complication of chronic liver disease,
characterized by an altered mental state and hyperammonemia. Insight into the brain …

Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, but also play important cellular signaling
roles. The mechanisms through which altered levels of many amino acids are sensed and …

Glutamate has been implicated in a wide range of brain pathologies and is thought to be
metabolized via the astrocyte-specific enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS). We show here …

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an established treatment tool in
decompensated liver cirrhosis that has been shown to prolong transplant-free survival …

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neurological complication of hepatic dysfunction and
portosystemic shunting. It is highly prevalent in patients with cirrhosis and is associated with …