N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in the rodent hippocampus have been shown to
be essential for spatial learning and memory, and for the induction of long-term synaptic …

In the brain, hippocampal pyramidal cells use temporal as well as rate coding to signal
spatial aspects of the animal's environment or behaviour. The temporal code takes the form …

In the vast majority of brain areas, the firing rates of neurons, averaged over several hundred
milliseconds to several seconds, can be strongly modulated by, and provide accurate …

Recent physiological studies have implicated theta—a high-amplitude 4–8 Hz oscillation
that is prominent in rat hippocampus during locomotion, orienting and other voluntary …

Theta-phase precession in hippocampal place cells is one of the best-studied experimental
models of temporal coding in the brain. Theta-phase precession is a change in spike timing …

The functional optimization of neural ensembles is central to human higher cognitive
functions. When the functions through which neural activity is tuned fail to develop or break …

Hippocampal place cell ensembles form a cognitive map of space during exposure to novel
environments. However, surprisingly little evidence exists to support the idea that synaptic …

We review the ideas and data behind the hypothesis that hippocampal pyramidal cells
encode information by their phase of firing relative to the theta rhythm of the EEG. Particular …

Previous work has hinted that prospective and retrospective coding modes exist in
hippocampus. Prospective coding is believed to reflect memory retrieval processes …

Abstract This study examines whether 4–8‐Hz theta oscillations can be seen in the human
hippocampus, and whether these oscillations increase during virtual movement and …