The ability to sense and respond to infection is essential for life. Viral infection produces
double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that are sensed by proteins that recognize the structure of …

Recent studies have underscored the pivotal role of adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing,
catalyzed by ADAR1, in suppressing innate immune interferon responses triggered by …

Alu elements are highly abundant primate-specific short interspersed nuclear elements that
account for~ 10% of the human genome. Due to their preferential location in gene-rich …

RNA modifications, also termed epitranscriptomic marks, encompass chemical alterations to
individual nucleotides, including processes such as methylation and editing. These marks …

Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) converts adenosine to inosine in double-
stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules, a process known as A-to-I editing. ADAR1 deficiency in …

Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that play key roles in brain development and
experience dependent plasticity. In this review we discuss recent findings regarding the …

Our innate immune system uses pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) as a first line of
defense to detect microbial ligands and initiate an immune response. Viral nucleic acids are …

Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that shape neural circuit development and are
implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases. Multiple microglial transcriptional states have …

Type I interferons (IFN-I) represent a group of pleiotropic cytokines renowned for their
antiviral activity and immune regulatory functions. A multitude of studies have unveiled a …

Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, catalyzed by the enzymes ADAR1 and ADAR2, stands
as a pervasive RNA modification. A primary function of ADAR1-mediated RNA editing lies in …