Purpose The aim of this review was to collate current evidence wherein digitalisation,
through the incorporation of video technology and artificial intelligence (AI), is being applied …

The vital physiological role of the pituitary gland, alongside its proximity to critical
neurovascular structures, means that pituitary adenomas can cause significant morbidity or …

Objective: In the last two decades, there has been a growing interest in exploring surgical
procedures with statistical models to analyze operations at different semantic levels. This …

Background Because of the complexity of the intra-abdominal anatomy in the posterior
approach, a longer learning curve has been observed in laparoscopic transabdominal …

In the last five years, deep learning has attracted great interest in computer-assisted systems
for Minimally Invasive Surgery. The straightforward accessibility to images in surgical …

This paper is a comprehensive survey of datasets for surgical tool detection and related
surgical data science and machine learning techniques and algorithms. The survey offers a …

Background Intraoperative skills assessment is time-consuming and subjective; an efficient
and objective computer vision-based approach for feedback is desired. In this work, we aim …

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) methods and AI-enabled metrics hold tremendous
potential to advance surgical education. Our objective was to generate consensus guidance …

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging in healthcare, yet applications in surgery
remain relatively nascent. Here we review the integration of AI in the field of surgery …

Background Although a number of robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy
(RAMIE) procedures have been performed due to three-dimensional field of view, image …