As lactoferrin is a nutritional supplement with proven antiviral and immunomodulatory
abilities, it may be used to improve the clinical course of COVID-19. The clinical efficacy and …

The roles of methylprednisolone in treatment of patients with COVID-19 remain unclear. The
aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of methylprednisolone in treatment …

Objectives Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the
aetiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a devastating worldwide …

Polyphenols have been widely studied for their antiviral effect against respiratory virus
infections. Among these, resveratrol (RV) has been demonstrated to inhibit influenza virus …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a catastrophic pandemic and …

Background and aims Vaccines, to limit SARS-CoV-2 infection, were produced and reliable
assays are needed for their evaluation. The WHO produced an International-Standard (WHO …

Trained immunity is a renewed concept of innate immune memory that facilitates the innate
immune system to have the capacity to remember and train cells via metabolic and …

Abstract Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused several pandemic peaks
worldwide due to its high variability and infectiousness, and COVID-19 has become a long …

Influenza virus and coronavirus, two kinds of pathogens that exist widely in nature, are
common emerging pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections in humans. In December …

Background Severe COVID-19 lung disease exhibits a high degree of spatial and temporal
heterogeneity, with different histological features coexisting within a single individual. It is …