Tumours employ various tactics to adapt and eventually resist immune attack. These
mechanisms are collectively called adaptive immune resistance (AIR). The first defined and …

It is now well known that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), rather than protein-coding transcripts,
are the preponderant RNA transcripts. NcRNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non …

Cancer immunotherapies have changed the landscape of cancer treatment during the past
few decades. Among them, immune checkpoint inhibitors, which target PD-1, PD-L1 and …

Abstract Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4
(CTLA-4), anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and anti-programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 …

Since the first Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor was developed, tumor immunotherapy has
entered a new era, and the response rate and survival rate of many cancers have also been …

Importance Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) arising from immune checkpoint inhibitor
(ICI) cancer therapy may potentially predict improved outcomes. Objective To evaluate the …

Background High-risk triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are characterized by poor
prognosis, rapid progression to metastatic stage and onset of resistance to chemotherapy …

Importance Immune checkpoint inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand
(PD-L1) have led to a paradigm shift in cancer treatment. Understanding the clinical efficacy …

Background A number of studies have reported an association between the occurrence of
immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and clinical efficacy in patients undergoing treatment …

PURPOSE Balstilimab (antiprogrammed death-1) and zalifrelimab (anticytotoxic T-
lymphocyte–associated antigen-4) are two new checkpoint inhibitors emerging as promising …