This review examines the enormous progress that has been made in the past decade in
understanding the origin of HIV, HIV genetic variability, and the impact of global HIV diversity …

Background: HIV-1 strains have diversified extensively through mutation and recombination
since their initial transmission to human beings many decades ago in Central Africa in the …

Background Understanding HIV-1 subtype distribution and epidemiology can assist
preventive measures and clinical decisions. Sequence variation may affect antiviral drug …

The identification of phenotypically distinct HIV-1 variants with different prevalence during
the progression of the disease has been one of the earliest discoveries in HIV-1 biology, but …

One of the major characteristics of HIV-1 is its high genetic variability and extensive
heterogeneity. This characteristic is due to its molecular traits, which in turn allows it to vary …

Human migration is a major process that shaped the origin and dissemination of HIV. Within
HIV-1, subtype B (HIV-1B) is the most disseminated variant and it is assumed to be the …

The HIV epidemic in China accounts for 3% of the global HIV incidence. We compared the
patterns and determinants of interprovincial spread of the five most prevalent circulating …

Since the ignition of the HIV-1 group M pandemic in the beginning of the 20th century, group
M lineages have spread heterogeneously throughout the world. Subtype C spread rapidly …

Over calendar time, HIV-1 evolves considerably faster within individuals than it does at the
epidemic level. This is a surprising observation since, from basic population genetic theory …

Background. A genetic bottleneck is known to exist for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
at the point of sexual transmission. However, the nature of this bottleneck and its effect on …