Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the dominant challenge in the failure of chemotherapy in
cancers. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a lipid kinase that spreads intracellular …

The ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is one of the largest membrane
protein families existing in wide spectrum of organisms from prokaryotes to human. ABC …

The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette efflux transporter G2 (ABCG2) was
originally discovered in a multidrug-resistant breast cancer cell line. Studies in the past have …

The complex pathophysiological mechanisms behind destructive chronic conditions,
including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases …

Chemotherapy is one of the important methods to treat cancer, and the emergence of
multidrug resistance (MDR) is one major cause for the failure of cancer chemotherapy …

Background Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) have a critical role in progression of breast
cancer by inducing angiogenesis. Several therapeutic strategies have been designed for the …

Abstract ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters, widely studied in cancer for their role in
drug resistance, have been more recently also considered for their contribution to cancer …

Introduction: The overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, ABCB1 and
ABCG2, are two of the major mediators of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancers. Although …

Tamoxifen (TAM) resistance has indicated a significant challenge during endocrine therapy
for hormone-sensitive breast cancer. Thus, it is significant to elucidate the molecular events …

Introduction Myocardial damage is a mostly incurable complication of multiple myeloma
(MM) that seriously affects the treatment outcome and quality of life of patients. Exosomal …