Activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) complex, a receptor of the innate immune
system, may underpin the pathophysiology of many human diseases, including asthma …

The innate immune system plays diverse roles in health and disease. It represents the first
line of defense against infection and is involved in tissue repair, wound healing, and …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of neurodegenerative disease, currently
affecting over 5 million Americans with projections expected to rise as the population ages …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) constitute an important mechanism in the activation of innate
immune cells including monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Macrophage activation …

Almost 47 million people suffer from dementia worldwide, with an estimated new case
diagnosed every 3.2 seconds. Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for approximately 60 …

Microglia are long-living resident immune cells of the brain, which secure a stable chemical
and physical microenvironment necessary for the proper functioning of the central nervous …

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prominent cause of senile dementia, is clinically
characterized by the extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) and the intracellular …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver
disease. ROS generation by infiltrating macrophages involves multiple mechanisms …

Oxidation reactions are vital parts of metabolism and signal transduction. However, they also
produce reactive oxygen species, which damage lipids, proteins and DNA, generating …

Atherosclerosis results from maladaptive inflammation driven primarily by macrophages,
whose recruitment and proliferation drive plaque progression. In advanced plaques …