The presence of macrophages within the plaque is a defining hallmark of atherosclerosis.
Macrophages are exposed to various microenvironments such as oxidized lipids and …

NKG2D is an activating receptor expressed by all NK cells and subsets of T cells. It serves
as a major recognition receptor for detection and elimination of transformed and infected …

Recognition of an invading pathogen is critical to elicit protective responses. Certain
microbial structures and molecules, which are crucial for their survival and virulence, are …

In adult brain, new neurons are generated throughout adulthood in the subventricular zone
and the dentate gyrus; this process is commonly known as adult neurogenesis. The …

Scavenger receptors (SRs) are a 'superfamily'of membrane-bound receptors that were
initially thought to bind and internalize modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), though it is …

Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis for the occurrence of most cardiovascular
diseases, the leading global health threat, and a great burden for society. It has been well …

Conspectus Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the “gatekeepers” of the immune system in
humans and other animals to protect the host from invading bacteria, viruses, and other …

Abstract LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is a novel form of non-canonical autophagy
where LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B–light chain 3) is conjugated to …

Abstract MyD88, IRAK4 and IRAK2 are critical signalling mediators of the TLR/IL1-R
superfamily. Here we report the crystal structure of the MyD88–IRAK4–IRAK2 death domain …

At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their
effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and …