A growing appreciation of the pathophysiological interrelatedness of metabolic risk factors
such as obesity and diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease has led …

Kidney disease is a significant health problem worldwide, affecting an estimated 10% of the
global population. Kidney disease encompasses a diverse group of disorders that vary in …

Large placebo-controlled clinical trials have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2
inhibitors (SGLT2i) delay the deterioration of renal function and reduce cardiovascular …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary global cause of death, and inflammation is a
crucial factor in the development of CVDs. The acute phase inflammatory protein pentraxin 3 …

The pathophysiology of vascular disease is linked to accelerated biological aging and a
combination of genetic, lifestyle, biological, and environmental risk factors. Within the …

Abstract Two decades ago, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes coined the term
chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD) to describe the syndrome of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a severe condition and a significant public health issue
worldwide, carrying the burden of an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality …

The innate immune response is the main pathophysiological process of ocular surface
diseases exposed to multiple environmental stresses. The epithelium is central to the innate …

Podocytes are critical for maintaining permselectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier, and
podocyte injury is a major cause of proteinuria in various primary and secondary …

Accumulating evidence has illustrated that the E3 ubiquitin ligases critically participate in the
development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Dysregulation of E3 ubiquitin …