Objective: This study aims to summarize the evidence concerning the barriers that exist to
the career progression of women in surgery and to provide potential solutions to overcome …

Reference letters play an important role for both postgraduate residency applications and
medical faculty hiring processes. This study seeks to characterise the ways in which gender …

Objective Perceptions of agency and communality vary by race and gender, which may be
contributing to the persistent gender and racial inequality in radiology. The objective of this …

Background To determine whether gender-based differences may be present in letters of
recommendation written for ophthalmology residency applicants. Methods All applications …

PURPOSE In a professional setting, the introduction of female speakers without their
professional title may have an impact on the public's perception of the female speaker. We …

Background: In the last few decades, standardized letters of recommendation have seen
increasing popularity among various medical specialties and have been shown to …

Background Studies in several fields demonstrate gender and racial differences in
descriptions of applicants in letters of recommendation. However, gender and racial biases …

We aimed to investigate whether implicit linguistic biases exist in letters of recommendation
(LORs) for applicants to radiation oncology (RO) residency. LORs (n= 487) written for …

Objective More women than ever are pursuing surgical specialties despite historical
dominance by men. The objective of this study was to examine how surgical residents …

Background While program director (PD) letters of recommendation (LOR) are subject to
bias, especially against those underrepresented in medicine, these letters are one of the …