Since the BBS article in which Premack and Woodruff (1978) asked “Does the chimpanzee
have a theory of mind?,” it has been repeatedly claimed that there is observational and …

We review research on reactions to mirrors and self-recognition in nonhuman primates,
focusing on methodological issues. Starting with the initial demonstration in chimpanzees in …

Soon after Charles Darwin formulated his theory of evolution, primate cognition became a
major area of research. In this book, Michael Tomasello and Josep Call assess the current …

Comparative studies suggest that at least some bird species have evolved mental skills
similar to those found in humans and apes. This is indicated by feats such as tool use …

The inspiration for the Academy Award-nominated film, Gorillas in the Mist is the riveting
account of Dian Fossey's thirteen years in a remote African rain forest with the greatest of the …

Since the last common ancestor shared by modern humans, chimpanzees and bonobos, the
lineage leading to Homo sapiens has undergone a substantial change in brain size and …

Recent interest in the development and evolution of theory of mind has provided a wealth of
information about representational skills in both children and animals. According to J. Perner …

We propose that the capacity for a symbolic self (a flexible and multifaceted cognitive
representation of an organism's own attributes) in humans is a product of evolution. In …

People commonly think that animals are psychologically like themselves
(anthropomorphism), and describe what animals do in narratives (anecdotes) that support …

Mirror-self-recognition is usually indicated by an organism's passing the mark test—that is,
wiping a mark off its face upon observing its reflection in a mirror or on a video-screen. Two …