This study examined the reliability of expert tennis coaches/biomechanists to qualitatively
assess selected features of the serve with the aid of two-dimensional (2D) video replays …

In this paper, we use Bayesian hierarchical models to investigate the decision-making of
judges of mixed martial arts (MMA) contests. Whilst there has been research into the judging …

Hosting the Olympics has long been claimed to bring a financial return on investment. When
this cannot clearly demonstrated, the medal surplus associated with host status is usually …

In technical compositional sports, such as gymnastics, judges' decisions regarding
deductions for errors in an athlete's execution of complex skills lead to the final evaluation of …

Comparing the scores of performances and chronological age in participants of Rhythmic
Gymnastics Continental Championships in one Olympic cycle (2017-2020) has the potential …

In artistic gymnastics, rule changes in the year 2006 aimed to reduce the dominance of
difficulty while strengthening performance differentiation. Related research on scorings often …

Purpose Judging bias is ironically an inherent risk in every competition, which might
threaten the fairness and legitimacy of the competition. The patriotism effect represents one …

Experts' voting behavior is conjectured to be more objective than peer voting (own
group/peers) and public voters (everyone interested), who are supposedly influenced by all …

Maximal isometric handgrip strength (HGS) is used as an indicator of overall muscular
strength and has also been found to be predictive of certain athletic events sporting …

The role of humans in time-pressured decision-making processes within sports has been
critically examined in psychological research. This is particularly relevant in complex …