Neurons in primary visual cortex are highly sensitive to the contrast, orientation, and
temporal frequency of a visual stimulus. These three stimulus properties can be varied …

Naturally occurring visual stimuli are rich in examples of objects delineated from their
backgrounds simply by differences in luminance, so-called first-order stimuli, as well as …

Inhibitory neurons dominate the intrinsic circuits in the visual thalamus. Interneurons in the
lateral geniculate nucleus innervate relay cells and each other densely to provide powerful …

Both surface luminance and edge contrast of an object are essential features for object
identification. However, cortical processing of surface luminance remains unclear. In this …

The ganglion cells of the primate retina include two major anatomical and functional classes:
P cells which project to the four parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) …

ON and OFF visual pathways originate in the retina at the synapse between photoreceptor
and bipolar cells. OFF bipolar cells are shorter in length and use receptors with faster …

The thalamo-cortical pathway is the crucial sensory gateway into the cerebral cortex. We
aimed to determine the nature of the tactile information encoded by neurons in the whisker …

Mareschal, Isabelle and Curtis L. Baker, Jr. Temporal and spatial response to second-order
stimuli in cat area 18. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2811–2823, 1998. Approximately one-half of the …

The primary visual cortex (V1) is arguably the most studied area in the mammalian cortex,
and one of the very few for which we can say something sensible about the computations …

While it is universally accepted that the brain makes predictions, there is little agreement
about how this is accomplished and under which conditions. Accurate prediction requires …