Obesity and diabetes are the most prevailing health concerns worldwide and their incidence
is increasing at a high rate, resulting in enormous social costs. Obesity is a complex disease …

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with chronic high blood glucose levels, and it is
associated with defects in insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. It is also a major …

Abstract About 1.2 to 33% of high-altitude populations suffer from Monge's disease or
chronic mountain sickness (CMS). Number of factors such as age, sex, and population of …

Introduction: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic biological interface which actively
controls the passage of substances between the blood and the central nervous system …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by high glucose and high fat of diabetes mellitus
(DM) finally caused the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis and other …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great potential in treating patients with diabetes, but
the therapeutic effects are not always achieved. Particularly, the clinical factors regulating …

Almost 50 years ago, scientists developed the bi-hormonal abnormality hypothesis, stating
that diabetes is not caused merely by the impaired insulin signaling. Instead, the presence of …

Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic, lifelong metabolic disease. It is characterised by
the autoimmune-mediated loss of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells in the islets of …

The placenta is a temporary organ that plays critical roles at the maternal-fetal interface.
Normal development and function of the placenta is dependent on hormonal signaling …

In the decade since Yamanaka and colleagues described methods to reprogram somatic
cells into a pluripotent state, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have …