An overwhelmed number of vehicles has wrecked the current system of transportation due to
rapid growth in population. Smart cities are the novel innovation that is inevitable to curb the …

The main challenges in routing protocols are node mobility, resource constraints, error-
prone channel states, and problems with hidden and unprotected terminals. This article …

In modern warfare, achieving strikes against military targets commonly involves utilizing
methods such as fire coverage and missile precision guidance. While effective, fire coverage …

Abstract Mobile ad hoc Networks (MANETs) contain a group of wireless mobile nodes that
exchange data dynamically without depending on a fixed wired backbone network or base …

Mobile networking refers to the technology utilized to transmit speech and data between
specific mobile network nodes across wireless channels. In general," mobile" refers to the …

Mobile ad-hoc network is a wireless network with variable topology and communication
routes. In a MANET network, nodes have the role of finding and handling routes to each …

Abstract Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that
dynamically form a network temporarily without any support of central management …

In today's 6G era, Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have been enhanced by rapid
technological advancement in the wireless communication industry to better support a wide …

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have become an effective network model for ensuring
driver, road, and vehicle safety. These networks allow for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to …

The routing protocol is an applied standard to determine the communication schemes of
different entities with each other to transfer and process the desired data in considerable …