The therapeutic use of messenger RNA (mRNA) has fueled great hope to combat a wide
range of incurable diseases. Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular …

Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

Adjuvants are critical for improving the quality and magnitude of adaptive immune
responses to vaccination. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated nucleoside-modified …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the most formidable challenge to …

Germinal centres are the engines of antibody evolution. Here, using human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Env protein immunogen priming in rhesus monkeys followed …

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is emerging as the next potential pandemic. Different
microorganisms, including the bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Clostridioides difficile …

Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent
conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often …

The COVID-19 outbreak has fueled a global demand for effective diagnosis and treatment
as well as mitigation of the spread of infection, all through large-scale approaches such as …

Cancer vaccines have emerged as a powerful new tool for cancer immunotherapy.
Adjuvants are vaccine ingredients that enhance the strength, velocity, and duration of the …

The age-related dysregulation and decline of the immune system—collectively termed
“immunosenescence”—has been generally associated with an increased susceptibility to …