The development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a highly prevalent
complication of diabetes mellitus, are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors …

The observation that unhealthy diets (those that are low in whole grains, fruits and
vegetables, and high in sugar, salt, saturated fat and ultra-processed foods) are a major risk …

Biological aging is the gradual, progressive decline in system integrity that occurs with
advancing chronological age, causing morbidity and disability. Measurements of the pace of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is estimated to affect 10–14% of global population. Kidney
fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition leading to scarring, is a …

Abstract The Framingham Heart Study (FHS) was established in 1948 to improve
understanding of the epidemiology of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the USA. In 1961 …

Choline is a water-soluble nutrient essential for human life. Gut microbial metabolism of
choline results in the production of trimethylamine (TMA), which, upon absorption by the host …

Chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) are currently classified according to their clinical features,
associated comorbidities and pattern of injury on biopsy. Even within a given classification …

Epigenetic markers are potential biomarkers for diabetes and related complications. Using a
prospective cohort from the Hong Kong Diabetes Register, we perform two independent …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major public health concern associated with high morbidity and
mortality. Despite decades of research, the pathogenesis of AKI remains incompletely …

Fibrosis, a common process of chronic inflammatory diseases, is defined as a repair
response disorder when organs undergo continuous damage, ultimately leading to scar …