This paper examines building energy flexibility at an aggregated level and addresses the
main barriers and research gaps for the development of this resource across three design …

The objective of energy transition is to convert the worldwide energy sector from using fossil
fuels to using sources that do not emit carbon by the end of the current century. In order to …

Featured Application Energy sector. Abstract Simulating complex systems in real time
presents both significant advantages and challenges. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation …

Modern buildings have complex technical equipment that is hard to operate efficiently from a
user's point of view. Users and building managers therefore need guidance in terms of …

As people spend more than 90% of their time indoors, indoor environmental quality (IEQ)
has become an important factor in maintaining a healthy space for the occupants. There are …

Many energy inefficiencies in buildings can be attributed to errors in control logic. This may
be because of faulty hardware or incorrect programming. Within the context of a framework …

The operation of building energy systems contributes significantly to thermal comfort and
energy efficiency. In turn, the operation is influenced by the control quality of local closed …