Because of enduring experience of managing two languages, bilinguals have been argued
to develop superior executive functioning compared with monolinguals. Despite extensive …

According to some estimates, more than half of the world's population is multilingual to some
extent. Because of the centrality of language use to human experience and the deep …

Proficient bilinguals use two languages actively, but the contexts in which they do so may
differ dramatically. The present study asked what consequences the contexts of language …

Several researchers have suggested that learning and using a second language requires
domain-general executive functions, and many have shown that bilinguals outperform …

Here, we review the neural correlates of cognitive control associated with bilingualism. We
demonstrate that lifelong practice managing two languages orchestrates global changes to …

A contentious issue in contemporary psycholinguistics is whether bilingualism enhances
executive functions. Here, we report a meta-analysis of 80 studies (253 effect sizes) …

A large body of research has indicated that bilingualism–through continual practice in
language control–may impact cognitive functions, as well as relevant aspects of brain …

This chapter reviews the event-related potential (ERP) method and its application in second
language research. The primary aim is to familiarize readers with the fundamental principles …

A growing body of research shows that the brain adapts functionally and structurally to
specific bilingual experiences. These brain adaptations seem related to modulations in …

We used insights from machine learning to address an important but contentious question: Is
bilingual language experience associated with executive control abilities? Specifically, we …