This paper surveys the literature on the definitions and theories of the informal economy (IE).
It outlines the main differences in the definitional approaches of informality and proposes a …

This chapter reviews the recent literature in economics on small-scale entrepreneurship (“
microentrepreneurship”) in low-income countries. Major topics in the literature include the …

This paper introduces a comprehensive database of informal economic activity. The
database focuses on measures that have strong cross-country and over time coverage: it …

Responding to calls for a better understanding of the relationship between social enterprises
and their environments, this article focuses on contextual influences on social …

Many urban residents have recently lost their jobs due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which
has made employment vulnerability in cities attained attention. It is thus important to explore …

This paper studies the impact of formal education on entrepreneurship rates. We propose
that different levels of education not only vary between each other in terms of their impact …

Abstract 'Informality'is a term used to describe the collection of firms, workers and activities
that operate outside the legal and regulatory systems. It is widespread in the majority of …

Abstract Research Summary We analyze the impact of informal entrepreneurship on
innovation in emerging markets. Building on agency and imprinting theories, we introduce …

The 2013 collapse of the Rana Plaza building in Dhaka, Bangladesh, led external
stakeholders to insist on higher labor standards in apparel global value chains (GVCs) …

Across the world, many earn monetary income that they do not declare to the state for tax,
social security and/or labour law purposes. This work in the shadows is not some minor …