Metformin was first used to treat type 2 diabetes in the late 1950s and in 2022 remains the
first-choice drug used daily by approximately 150 million people. An accumulation of …

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease characterised by elevated levels of
blood glucose, is among the most common chronic diseases. The incidence and prevalence …

Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are key players in the development of atherosclerosis
and its complications. A large body of evidence suggest that metabolic abnormalities cause …

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a devastating complication of numerous
conditions, is often associated with high mortality. It is well known that endothelial cell (EC) …

The endothelium, by area alone, is one of the largest organs in the body comprised of up to
trillion cells, weighing over 1 kg, and covering nearly 3 m2 in a 70 kg male. 1, 2 Moreover, it …

The management of T2DM requires aggressive treatment to achieve glycemic and
cardiovascular risk factor goals. In this setting, metformin, an old and widely accepted first …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by inappropriate
hyperglycemia due to lack of or resistance to insulin. Patients with DM are frequently afflicted …

Deterioration in endothelial function and arterial stiffness are early events in the
development of cardiovascular diseases. In adults, noninvasive measures of atherosclerosis …

Cardiovascular mortality is a major cause of death among in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a well-known important risk factor for the development of …

endothelium in vascular disease has enabled the development of clinical tests to evaluate
the functional properties of normal and activated endothelium. 5 Ideally, such tests should …