In recent decades, advances in lighting technology have precipitated exponential increases
in night sky brightness worldwide, raising concerns in the scientific community about the …

A very large proportion of the world's animal species are active in dim light, either under the
cover of night or in the depths of the sea. The worlds they see can be dim and extended, with …

The existence of a synthetic program of research on what was then termed the “nocturnal
problem” and that we might now call “nighttime ecology” was declared more than 70 years …

With their highly sensitive visual systems, nocturnal insects have evolved a remarkable
capacity to discriminate colors, orient themselves using faint celestial cues, fly unimpeded …

Recent studies have shown that certain nocturnal insect and vertebrate species have true
color vision under nocturnal illumination. Thus, their vision is potentially affected by changes …

The ability to see colour at night is known only from a handful of animals. First discovered in
the elephant hawk moth Deilephila elpenor, nocturnal colour vision is now known from two …

Diverse invertebrate species have been used for studies of learning and comparative
cognition. Although we have gained invaluable information from this, in this study we argue …

Opsin proteins covalently bind to small molecular chromophores and each protein-
chromophore complex is sensitive to particular wavelengths of light. Multiple opsins with …

Background The 1400 species of hawkmoths (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) comprise one of
most conspicuous and well-studied groups of insects, and provide model systems for …

Butterflies and moths are conspicuous flower visitors but their role in plant-pollinator
interactions has rarely been quantified, especially in tropical rainforests. Moreover, we have …