In this paper, we derive and present quantitative expressions governing the performance of
single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) techniques in both air and …

How light is converted to electricity in blends of organic donor and acceptor molecules is an
unsettled question, partly because the spatial heterogeneity present in these blends makes …

The chemical and physical processes on surfaces are significantly influenced by the surface
potential of materials. When using the frequency modulation Kelvin probe force microscopy …

Understanding electron and ion dynamics is an important task for improving modern energy
materials, such as photovoltaic perovskites. These materials usually have delicate nano …

One of the great challenges in designing modern organic field-effect transistors is lowering
the injection barriers that arise at the interfaces between the metallic electrodes and the …

Scanning Nonlinear Dielectric Microscopy: Investigation of Ferroelectric, Dielectric, and
Semiconductor Materials and Devices is the definitive reference on an important tool to …

Charge-transport and electrochemical processes are heavily influenced by the local
microstructure. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a widely used technique to map …

Ionic-transport processes govern performance in many classic and emerging devices,
ranging from battery storage to modern mixed-conduction organic electrochemical …

Charge dynamics play an important role in numerous natural phenomena and artificial
devices, and tracking charge migration and recombination is crucial for understanding the …

The open-loop (OL) variant of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) provides access to the
voltage response of the electrostatic interaction between a conductive atomic force …