Abstract The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good
description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a …

Teleparallel gravity (TG) has significantly increased in popularity in recent decades, bringing
attention to Einstein's other theory of gravity. In this Review, we give a comprehensive …

Horizon-scale images of black holes (BHs) and their shadows have opened an
unprecedented window onto tests of gravity and fundamental physics in the strong-field …

The cosmological principle (CP)—the notion that the Universe is spatially isotropic and
homogeneous on large scales—underlies a century of progress in cosmology. It is …

The difference from 4 to 6 σ in the Hubble constant (H 0) between the values observed with
the local (Cepheids and Supernovae Ia, SNe Ia) and the high-z probes (Cosmic Microwave …

In the current 3 ν paradigm, neutrino flavor oscillations probe three mixing angles (θ 12, θ
23, θ 13), one C P-violating phase δ, and two independent differences between the squared …

The early dark energy (EDE) solution to the Hubble tension comes at the cost of an
increased clustering amplitude that has been argued to worsen the fit to galaxy clustering …

The Λ CDM model provides a good fit to most astronomical observations but harbors large
areas of phenomenology and ignorance. With the improvements in the precision and …

The Hubble tension has now grown to a level of significance which can no longer be
ignored and calls for a solution which, despite a huge number of attempts, has so far eluded …

It is well known that quantum field theory (QFT) induces a huge value of the cosmological
constant (CC), Λ, which is outrageously inconsistent with cosmological observations. We …