The heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been recognized since its description by
James Parkinson over 200 years ago. The complexity of motor and non-motor PD …

α-Synucleinopathies comprise a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by
altered accumulation of a protein called α-synuclein inside neurons and glial cells. This …

A growing amount of evidence has indicated contributions of variants in causative genes of
Parkinson's disease (PD) to the development of sleep disturbance in PD and prodromal PD …

Background To date, variants in the GBA gene represent the most frequent large‐effect
genetic factor associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the reason why …

GBA1 variants are important risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). Most studies
assessing GBA1-related PD risk have been performed in European-derived populations …

Background GBA variants increase the risk of developing Parkinson disease (PD) and
influence its outcome. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a recognised therapeutic option for …

Background and purpose Variants in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene are recognized as
a common and important genetic risk factor for Parkinson disease (PD). However, the impact …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting 2–3% of those aged
over 65, characterized by motor symptoms like slow movement, tremors, and muscle rigidity …

Although many rare variants have been reportedly associated with Parkinson's disease
(PD), many have not been replicated or have failed to replicate. Here, we conduct a large …

Background Increasing evidence suggests that early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) is
heterogeneous in its clinical presentation and progression. Defining subtypes of EOPD is …