This review uses a levels-of-analysis framework to summarize the current understanding of
developmental dyslexia's etiology, brain bases, neuropsychology, and social context …

Highlights•Genetic, neural, cognitive, and environmental risks for dyslexia are
identified.•Evidence supports a multi-componential framework for dyslexia …

Developmental dyslexia is an unexplained inability to acquire accurate or fluent reading that
affects approximately 5–17% of children. Dyslexia is associated with structural and …

In the past 25 years, scientific understanding of dyslexia and other learning disabilities has
seen rapid progress in domains involving definition and classification, neuropsychological …

Purpose This review summarizes what is known about the structural and functional brain
bases of dyslexia. Method We review the current literature on structural and functional brain …

The science of reading and developmental dyslexia has experienced spectacular advances
during the last few years. Five aspects of this research are discussed in the article.(1) The …

The neuropsychology of dyslexia has made great strides in the last decade. In particular, a
consensus views dyslexia as a developmental disorder with a basis in the brain and in the …

An increasing body of studies has revealed neuroanatomical impairments in developmental
dyslexia. However, whether these structural anomalies are driven by dyslexia (disorder …

Background Causal theories of dyslexia suggest that it is a heritable disorder, which is the
outcome of multiple risk factors. However, whether early screening for dyslexia is viable is …

This paper reviews what is known about developmental dyslexia at three levels of analysis:
cognitive, neurological, and genetic. It also considers the difficult problem of establishing …