Most infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic infiltrations from the mucosal tract.
Therefore, vaccines delivered to the mucosal tissues can mimic natural infections and …

Mucosal surfaces are the first site of infection for most infectious diseases and oral
vaccination can provide protection as the first line of defense. Unlike systemic …

Mucosal surfaces represent important routes of entry into the human body for the majority of
pathogens, and they constitute unique sites for targeted vaccine delivery. Nanoparticle …

As oral administration of vaccines is the preferred route due to its high patient compliance
and ability to stimulate both cellular and humoral immune responses, it is also associated …

Oral vaccines are safe and easy to administer and convenient for all ages. They have been
successfully developed to protect from many infectious diseases acquired through oral …

For oral vaccination, incorporation of antigens into nanoparticles has been shown to protect
the antigen from degradation, but may also increase its uptake through the intestinal …

The current prevalence of infectious diseases in many developing regions of the world is a
serious burden, impacting both the general health as well as economic growth of these …

The oral vaccine has attracted much interest due to easy administration, induction of local
and systemic immune responses, and pain relief. Nowadays, functional nanoparticles and …

The specialized field of research in vaccination is experiencing potential advances. The
majority of the currently used vaccines are administered by parenteral route. This route …

Mucosal sites serve as the main portal for the entry of pathogens and thus immunization
through mucosal routes can greatly improve the immunity. Researchers are continuously …