Personalized medicine requires large cohorts for patient stratification and validation of
patient clustering. However, standards and harmonized practices on the methods and tools …

Background: Personalized medicine, the notion that an individual's genetic and other
characteristics can be used to individualize the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of …

Prospective randomized clinical trials addressing biomarkers are time consuming and
costly, but are necessary for regulatory agencies to approve new therapies with predictive …

Traditionally, anatomic staging systems have been used to provide predictions of individual
patient outcome and, to a lesser extent, guide the choice of treatment in cancer patients …

Advances in clinical and basic sciences are raising the potential to use genetic and clinical
biomarkers to identify a subgroup of patients who would most likely benefit from treatment …

The question of how individual patient data from cohort studies or historical clinical trials can
be leveraged for designing more powerful, or smaller yet equally powerful, clinical trials …

Background With the advent of targeted therapies, biomarkers provide a promising means of
individualizing therapy through an integrated approach to prediction using the genetic …

OBJECTIVE: Researchers in Health Sciences and Medicine often use cohort designs to
study treatment effects and changes of outcome variables over time period. The costs of …

Background Selection and selection bias are terms that lack consistent definitions and have
varying meaning and usage across disciplines. There is also confusion in current definitions …

When performing empirical research in public health and medicine, the investigator is
typically faced with a variety of methodologic issues to resolve at the design and analysis …