The effects of different types of instructions on complex motor skill learning were examined.
The instructions were related either to the participant's own body movements (internal focus) …

The study examined the generalizability of the learning advantages produced by instructions
that induce an external relative to an internal focus of attention (eg, Wulf, G., Höß, M., & …

Previous studies (eg, Wulf, Höß, & Prinz, 1998) have shown that motor learning can be
enhanced by directing performers' attention to the effects of their movements (" external …

The present experiment was designed to test the predictions of the constrained-action
hypothesis. This hypothesis proposes that when performers utilize an internal focus of …

This study examined individual differences in the preference for and effectiveness of the type
of attentional focus for motor learning. In two experiments, participants practicing a balance …

Although there is general agreement in the sport science community that the focus of
attention (FOA) has significant effects on performance, there is some debate about whether …

The authors examined how the effectiveness of feedback for the learning of complex motor
skills is affected by the focus of attention it induces. The feedback referred specifically either …

This experiment followed up on previous studies showing learning benefits of instructions
directing the performers' attention to the effects of their movements (external focus) relative …

The present study examined the hypothesis that feedback inducing an external focus of
attention enhances motor learning if it is provided frequently (ie, 100%) rather than less …

BACKGROUND: Recent research has shown that internal (body-related) attention-focus
instructions disrupt motor learning and performance, whereas paying attention to the …