Granular debris flow baffles are commonly installed in front of rigid barriers to dissipate flow
energy and reduce the required barrier impact capacity. Despite the engineering value of …

Channelized debris flows surge downslope in mountainous regions and have large impact
forces. Arrays of debris flow baffles are frequently positioned in front of rigid barriers to …

The destructive nature of debris flows is mainly caused by flow bulking from entrainment of
an erodible channel bed. To arrest these flows, multiple flexible barriers are commonly …

Some types of barriers are designed with a clearance between the bottom of the barrier and
the channel bed. This feature allows small discharges to pass, thereby reducing the …

Mitigation of landslide debris hazards sometimes requires the use of structural
countermeasures such as baffles to minimise the destructive impact energy of a torrent. An …

Debris flows occur in multiple surges. Boulders entrained within the flow have been reported
to incapacitate structures within its flow path. Single-layer cushions, such as gabions, are …

Baffle arrays are used to filter boulders from granular flows, such that the impact load
exerted on barriers is reduced. However, current guidelines provide limited …

Boulders entrained in debris flow induce high impact forces on a rigid barrier. In current
design practice, the concentrated load from boulders is estimated using the Hertz equation …

Flexible barriers trap large particles and boulders in debris flow but allow slurry and small
particles to pass through. Field tests and real cases indicate that a certain amount of slurry …

Baffle system is a promising disaster mitigation measure, while the mechanism of debris-
baffle interaction at grain scale has not been fully understood, and especially the effect of the …