Artificial intelligence systems are increasingly being applied to healthcare. In surgery, AI
applications hold promise as tools to predict surgical outcomes, assess technical skills, or …

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can now reliably assess surgeon skills through videos of
intraoperative surgical activity. With such systems informing future high-stakes decisions …

Artificial intelligence (AI) shows promise for improving basic and translational science,
medicine, and public health, but its success is not guaranteed. Numerous examples have …

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications aiming to support surgical decision-
making processes are generating novel threats to ethical surgical care. To understand and …

Increasing recognition of biases in artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms has motivated the
quest to build fair models, free of biases. However, building fair models may be only half the …

Objective: The aim of this review was to summarize major topics in artificial intelligence (AI),
including their applications and limitations in surgery. This paper reviews the key …

Artificial intelligence (AI) has an astonishing potential in assisting clinical decision making
and revolutionizing the field of health care. A major open challenge that AI will need to …

In the current development and deployment of many artificial intelligence (AI) systems in
healthcare, algorithm fairness is a challenging problem in delivering equitable care. Recent …

In healthcare, the development and deployment of insufficiently fair systems of artificial
intelligence (AI) can undermine the delivery of equitable care. Assessments of AI models …

Background Surgeons who receive reliable feedback on their performance quickly master
the skills necessary for surgery. Such performance-based feedback can be provided by a …