Abstract The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a well-defined viral infection, resulting
from SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2). The innate immune …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is cause of the novel
coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In the last two years, SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of …

COVID‐19 is a life‐threatening disease leading to bilateral pneumonia and respiratory
failure. The underlying reasons why a smaller percentage of patients present with severe …

SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2) is the third coronavirus to
emerge as a cause of severe and frequently fatal pneumonia epidemics in humans, joining …

COVID-19 is one of the progressive viral pandemics that originated from East Asia. COVID-
19 or SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to be associated with a chain of physio-pathological …

The COVID-19 is a novel infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and is known as a
pandemic emergency that has led to a high rate of mortality throughout the world. Evidence …

Chemokines are crucial inflammatory mediators needed during an immune response to
clear pathogens. However, their excessive release is the main cause of hyperinflammation …

Background COVID-19 is associated with a dysregulated immune response but it is unclear
how immune dysfunction contributes to the chronic morbidity persisting in many COVID-19 …

The recently identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
virus, the cause of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the associated ongoing pandemic …

Respiratory viral infections with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses commonly induce a
strong infiltration of immune cells into the human lung, with potential detrimental effects on …