Infectious diseases worldwide affect human health and have important societal impacts. A
better understanding of infectious diseases is urgently needed. In vitro and in vivo infection …

Approaches based on animal and two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models cannot ensure
reliable results in modeling novel pathogens or in drug testing in the short term; therefore …

For many decades, human infectious diseases have been studied in immortalized cell lines,
isolated primary cells from blood and a range of animal hosts. This research has been of …

Infectious diseases affect individual health and have widespread societal impacts. New ex
vivo models are critical to understand pathogenesis, host response, and features necessary …

Infectious diseases are a major threat worldwide. With the alarming rise of antimicrobial
resistance and emergence of new potential pathogens, a better understanding of the …

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven the scientific community to adopt an efficient and
reliable model that could keep up with the infectious disease arms race. Coinciding with the …

Limitations of monolayer culture conditions have motivated scientists to explore new models
that can recapitulate the architecture and function of human organs more accurately. Recent …

The epithelium of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been extensively characterized using
advanced histological and RNA sequencing techniques, which has revealed great cellular …

Background Organoid is an in vitro three-dimensional organ-bud that shows realistic
microanatomy and physiological relevance. The progress in generating organoids that …

Advances in stem cell research have allowed the development of 3-dimensional (3D)
primary cell cultures termed organoid cultures, as they closely mimic the in vivo organization …