Proactive management at mass gatherings is vital to ensure safe crowd evacuation during
emergencies. The increasing number of crowd incidents and casualties during the Hajj …

This paper presents the developed concept of management and control to the pedestrian
flow movements at Jamarat in the regular annual pilgrimage to Makkah (Hajj) season in …

Purpose–The purpose of this study is to analyze the crowd dynamics of the visitors at Al-
Masjid al-Nabawi during the most oversaturated period to characterize the most critical …

Tawaf is one of the most important rituals of hajj or umrah performed by the Muslim pilgrims
in Masjid Al-Haram yard, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. It consists of seven counterclockwise …

In this paper a porous flow approach on a cul de sac is proposed to understand the
dynamics of crowd at ghat regions (banks of the sacred river) in mass religious gatherings …

Understanding the principles and applications of crowd dynamics in mass gatherings is very
important, specifically with respect to crowd risk analysis and crowd safety. Historical trends …

The efficient and safe operation of heavily crowded facilities used in special circumstances
by unfamiliar users (eg Hajj) is a major concern to those responsible for the design and …

Every year, the Holy city of Makkah hosts more than two million Muslims for the
pilgrimage'Hajj'. During this event, a set of activities should be done by pilgrims. One of the …

Abstract The Hajj is an Islamic pilgrimage that involves four main holy sites in Makkah, Saudi
Arabia. As the number of participants (pilgrims) attending these events has been increasing …

Abstract Visitors to Saudi Arabia for Hajj and Umrah from around the globe are constantly
increasing with each passing year and hence visitors to the Prophet Muhammad (SAW)'s …