We seek to contribute to the debate over trade openness and the environment by taking
specific account of the endogeneity of trade openness. We use exogenous geographic …

We revisit the effect of trade openness on environmental quality by utilizing data on the air
visibility of 134 countries during 1961–2004. We find a significantly negative impact of trade …

Domestic trade flourishes with economic development and the spatial separation of
production and consumption. Therefore, the prosperity of trade is accompanied by the …

In 2013, the Chinese government officially announced the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
Since then, environmentalists have raised concerns regarding the environmental impact of …

We examine the relationship between trade openness and the environment in a cross-
country panel, using the emission of particulate matter (PM10) as the basic indicator of …

This paper examines the impact of economic growth and trade openness on environment in
261 Chinese cities over the period of 2004–2013, using recently developed continuously …

The study investigates the impact of trade openness on pollution in China by applying
wavelet-coherence analysis, phase-difference technique and Breitung and Candelon (2006) …

Trade openness is one of the main channels of globalization and technological transfers. In
environmental economic literature, the implications of trade openness remain controversial …

The literature on trade openness, economic development, and the environment is largely
inconclusive about the environmental consequences of trade. This study treats trade and …

The literature on trade openness, economic development, and the environment is largely
inconclusive about the environmental consequences of trade. This study treats trade and …