Mucosal surfaces are the first site of infection for most infectious diseases and oral
vaccination can provide protection as the first line of defense. Unlike systemic …

Most infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic infiltrations from the mucosal tract.
Therefore, vaccines delivered to the mucosal tissues can mimic natural infections and …

The oral vaccine has attracted much interest due to easy administration, induction of local
and systemic immune responses, and pain relief. Nowadays, functional nanoparticles and …

Most pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces. Therefore, vaccination through
the mucosal route can greatly enhance the mucosal immune response. Vaccination via the …

Mucosal surfaces represent important routes of entry into the human body for the majority of
pathogens, and they constitute unique sites for targeted vaccine delivery. Nanoparticle …

The specialized field of research in vaccination is experiencing potential advances. The
majority of the currently used vaccines are administered by parenteral route. This route …

Mucosal tissue constitutes the largest interface between the body and the external
environment, regulating the entry of pathogens, particles, and molecules. Mucosal …

The current prevalence of infectious diseases in many developing regions of the world is a
serious burden, impacting both the general health as well as economic growth of these …

Mucosal sites serve as the main portal for the entry of pathogens and thus immunization
through mucosal routes can greatly improve the immunity. Researchers are continuously …

Infectious diseases continue to inflict a high global disease burden. The consensus is that
vaccination is the most effective option against infectious diseases. Oral vaccines have …