Does affective polarization—the tendency to view opposing partisans negatively and co-
partisans positively—undermine support for democratic norms? We argue that it does …

Scholars warn that affective polarization undermines democratic norms and accountability.
They speculate that if citizens were less affectively polarized, they would be less likely to …

Elites in the US have become increasingly polarized over the past several decades. More
recently, the degree to which partisans view the opposing party more negatively than their …

Partisan bias and hostility have increased substantially over the last few decades in the
American electorate, and previous work shows that partisan strength and sorting help drive …

Affective polarization–partisans' dislike and distrust of those from the other party–has
reached historically high levels in the United States. While numerous studies estimate its …

Affective polarization—the tendency of ordinary partisans to dislike and distrust those from
the other party—is a defining feature of contemporary American politics. High levels of out …

Partisan affective polarization is believed, by some, to stem from vitriolic elite political
discourse. We explore this account by replicating several 2014 studies that examine …

Why do voters vote for undemocratic politicians in a democracy? My chief contention is that
affective polarization has become a primary factor driving support for undemocratic …

There is widespread concern that rising affective polarization—particularly dislike for
outpartisans—exacerbates Americans' anti-democratic attitudes. Accordingly, scholars and …

While dislike of opposing parties, that is, affective polarization, is a defining feature of
contemporary politics, research on this topic largely centers on the United States. We …