Fuel cells, a sustainable technology that assures a cleaner earth, once experienced
disillusion due to the issue of economic viability associated with the massive usage of Pt …

Pyrolyzed metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) materials have become a mainstream research
as inexpensive and sustainable catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in both …

Developing highly active, stable, and cost-effective cathode oxygen reduction reaction
(ORR) catalysts is of great practical significance to promote the widespread applicability of …

It remains a great challenge to replace platinum‐based catalysts with earth‐abundant
materials to accelerate the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode, which …

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is usually catalyzed by precious metals. As the
kinetics of the reaction are sluggish comparatively large amounts of precious metal are …

With increasing demand for clean energy and approaching commercialization of polymer
electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), replacing expensive Pt-based cathode catalysts …

Platinum-based catalysts represent a state of the art in the electrocatalysis of oxygen
reduction reaction (ORR) from the point of view of their activity and durability in harnessing …

The large‐scale commercialization of proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is
extremely limited by their costly platinum‐group metals (PGMs) catalysts, which are used for …

In recent years, non-Pt-based ORR catalysts have been developing rapidly and have
achieved performance comparable to or even surpassing Pt precious metal catalysts in …

Platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have
attracted increasing interest as potential candidates to replace Pt, in the view of a future …