OBJECTIVE Despite the rising number of women in higher education and leadership
positions, the proportional rise of female neurosurgeons still lags behind these fields. This …

Introduction The proportion of male neurosurgeons has historically been higher than of
women, although at least equal numbers of women have been entering European medical …

Background Few women have ascended the professional-academic ladder to become
chairs of German neurosurgical departments. Indeed, only 2 out of 36 current departmental …

Objective Historically, women have been underrepresented in medicine but nowadays the
underrepresentation is more applicable to surgical disciplines. Many efforts have been …

Background Almost one half of currently practicing physicians in Europe are women.
Despite advances in access to training positions and the entry of women into neurosurgery …

OBJECTIVE Gender disparities in neurosurgery have persisted even as the number of
female medical students in many countries has risen. An understanding of the current …

Background Gender inequity in surgery has increasingly been a matter of debate.
Contributions of female neurosurgeons to academic medicine and societies are poorly …

Background The proportion of women among neurosurgeons appears to be growing
worldwide with time. Official data concerning the current situation across Europe have not …

Despite advances in gender equality, only 6% of German neurosurgical departments are
currently led by women. With regard to their pioneering work and the importance of their role …

Background In the 1960s, less than 10% of medical school graduates were women. Today,
almost half of all medical school graduates are women. Despite the significant rise in female …