“Sign stimuli” elicit specific patterns of behavior when an organism's motivation is
appropriate. In the toad, visually released prey-catching involves orienting toward the prey …

Intermediate constructs are required as bridges between complex behaviors and realistic
models of neural circuitry. For cognitive scientists in general, schemas are the appropriate …

To investigate neural mechanisms of movement, physiologists have analyzed the activity of
task-related neurons in behaving animals. The relative onset latencies of neural activity …

The notion of the command cell has been highly influential in invertebrate neurobiology, and
related notions have been increasingly used in research on the vertebrate nervous system …

One of the most intriguing and controversial observations in oculomotor research in recent
years is the phenomenon of express saccades in monkeys and man. These are saccades …

The sway that the response-reinforcement framework (Spencer, Thorndike, Hull, Skinner)
has held on the behavioral sciences for nearly a hundred years is finally ending. The …

Engineers use neural networks to control systems too complex for conventional engineering
solutions. To examine the behavior of individual hidden units would defeat the purpose of …

Neural correlates exist for a basic component of logical formulae, PREDICATE (x). Vision
and audition research in primates and humans shows two independent neural pathways; …

The conceptual and investigative tools for the analysis of social behavior can be expanded
by integrating biological theory, control systems theory, and Pavlovian conditioning …

Highlights•Foraging theory describes the optimizing behavior of animals seeking
food.•Foraging animals make ethologically relevant and neurally interesting decisions.•In …